Recently, the United Nations Office for project services officially released the 2020 annual statistical report on United Nations procurement (ASR), which summarized and sorted out the data submitted by 39 United Nations agencies, and published the original on the United Nations global procurement website( http://www.ungm.org/ASR )。 Under the influence of the continuous outbreak of global New Coronavirus (COVID-19), the total procurement volume of the United Nations in 2020 was US $22 billion 300 million, creating the highest record in history. China is the supplier with the largest increase in procurement volume, with a total procurement volume of US $1.016 billion, jumping from the 20th in 2019 to the 3rd in 2020, making outstanding contributions to the improvement of the accessibility of global medical products.

　　This paper uses the shared vendor database of the United Nations system( http://www.ungm.org The purchasing data of UNGM for short, we will sort out and analyze the relevant purchasing data of COVID-19 medical and pharmaceutical industry.

　　1、 Overall United Nations procurement

　　According to the summary of procurement data reported by 39 relevant United Nations agencies, in 2020, United Nations procurement came from 215 countries and regions, with a total procurement of US $22.3 billion, the highest ever, of which 62% (US $13.7 billion) came from developing countries, countries with economies in transition and least developed countries. Total procurement increased by $2.4 billion (12.3%) compared with 2019. In 2020, the largest proportion of procurement is still in the field of medical and health, with a procurement amount of US $5.5 billion, followed by construction, engineering and science, with a procurement amount of US $3 billion.

　　At the same time, under the influence of the epidemic, the procurement of epidemic related materials and services will reach US $2.6 billion in 2020, of which the organization that purchases the most is who. Among the procurement related to epidemic situation, the first and second procurement categories are medical equipment (US $655 million) and laboratory and testing equipment (US $384 million). At the same time, the growth of procurement in these two categories is also the main reason for the increase of total procurement in 2020 compared with 2019, accounting for 79.1% of the total increase.

　　Major United Nations procurement agencies

　　The top three procurement increment in 2020 are who, UNICEF and UNDP, with a total procurement increase of US $807 million, US $642 million and US $481 million respectively compared with 2019. Influenced by COVID-19, most of the purchase amount is invested in medical equipment. China is the main supplier for the procurement increment of the three institutions, which can be seen from the important role China plays in the global anti epidemic. At the same time, the impact of the epidemic on United Nations procurement can not be ignored. The procurement volume of many organizations in epidemic related aspects has generally increased, while in travel, conference, construction and other aspects, the procurement volume has decreased due to the restriction or suspension of projects caused by the epidemic.

　　The following is the procurement volume of United Nations agencies in 2020, year-on-year and the proportion of procurement from "developing countries, countries with economies in transition and least developed countries":

　　Table 1: summary of procurement amount of United Nations agencies in 2020

　　Organization name

　　Total procurement in 2020

　　(in millions of United States dollars)

　　Year on year increase / decrease

　　(%)

　　Share of procurement from developing countries, countries with economies in transition and least developed countries in 2020 (%)

　　United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

　　four thousand four hundred and sixty-eight

　　16.8%

　　59.6%

　　United Nations World Food Programme (WFP)

　　three thousand nine hundred and eighty-one point one

　　9.5%

　　75.2%

　　United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

　　two thousand five hundred and sixty-five point three

　　23.1%

　　65.1%

　　United Nations Procurement Division (unpd)

　　two thousand three hundred and thirty point eight

　　-7.2%

　　64%

　　World Health Organization (who)

　　one thousand seven hundred and seventeen point eight

　　92.3%

　　53.4%

　　United Nations refugee agency (UNHCR)

　　one thousand three hundred and eighty-three point four

　　21.5%

　　61%

　　United Nations Programme for project services (UNOPS)

　　one thousand two hundred and seventy-one point five

　　16.1%

　　60.7%

　　Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)

　　one thousand one hundred and fifty point five

　　14.3%

　　40.4%

　　International Organization for migration (IOM)

　　seven hundred and seventy-seven point three

　　-19.0%

　　76.5%

　　United Nations Fund for population activities (UNFPA)

　　four hundred and seventy-three point three

　　17.1%

　　44.1%

　　Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

　　four hundred and fifty-eight point two

　　17.9%

　　74%

　　United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)

　　two hundred and twenty-five point six

　　-14.6%

　　85.1%

　　International Labour Organization (ILO)

　　two hundred and nineteen point eight

　　-16.3%

　　63.1%

　　International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

　　one hundred and ninety-one point five

　　2.5%

　　8.5%

　　United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)

　　one hundred and fifty-five point one

　　2.2%

　　55.7%

　　United Nations Office at Geneva (UNOG)

　　one hundred and forty-one point one

　　-5.3%

　　1%

　　UN women

　　one hundred and thirty-three point nine

　　-7.8%

　　62.8%

　　World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)

　　one hundred and thirty-one point one

　　4.5%

　　9.3%

　　United Nations Educational, scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

　　one hundred and nineteen

　　-3.1%

　　52.2%

　　United Nations Office at Vienna (UNOV)

　　eighty-nine point three

　　-24.6%

　　72.4%

　　United Nations Office at Nairobi (unon)

　　sixty-one point six

　　-2.6%

　　75.5%

　　International Fund for agricultural development (IFAD)

　　fifty-three point four

　　0.9%

　　16.5%

　　United Nations AIDS Programme (UNAIDS)

　　thirty-five point nine

　　13.3%

　　53.6%

　　Organization for the prohibition of chemical weapons (OPCW)

　　twenty-four point six

　　9.8%

　　2.1%

　　United Nations International Trade Centre (ITC)

　　twenty point seven

　　-23.5%

　　44.5%

　　International Maritime Organization (IMO)

　　nineteen point four

　　-9.5%

　　13.2%

　　International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

　　eighteen point eight

　　-61.1%

　　4.3%

　　United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA)

　　seventeen point three

　　-27.1%

　　53.3%

　　United Nations residual mechanism for international criminal tribunals, former United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (un-icty / mict)

　　fifteen point seven

　　-20.5%

　　15.4%

　　United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)

　　thirteen point two

　　-38.9%

　　71.9%

　　United Nations Framework Convention on climate change (UNFCCC)

　　thirteen

　　-41.8%

　　2.9%

　　World Meteorological Organization (WMO)

　　twelve point nine

　　-18.6%

　　2.5%

　　Universal Postal Union (UPU)

　　eleven point six

　　-14.6%

　　16.8%

　　United Nations University (UNU)

　　nine point five

　　-6.6%

　　13.9%

　　United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)

　　nine point three

　　-24.1%

　　70.6%

　　International Volunteer Organization (UNV)

　　nine point one

　　26.6%

　　3%

　　United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)

　　six

　　-28.0%

　　73.8%

　　United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)

　　one point six

　　-35.6%

　　0.2%

　　UNARKT

　　zero point five

　　-42.6%

　　66.6%

　　Total United Nations agencies

　　twenty-two thousand three hundred and thirty-seven point eight

　　12.3%

　　61.5%

　　Main categories of United Nations procurement

　　In terms of procurement amount, the top 10 procurement categories in 2020 are shown in Table 2. The highest procurement amount is still "drugs, contraceptives and vaccines", with a procurement amount of US $3 billion, a decrease of US $204 million (a decrease of 6.3%) compared with 2019. The decrease in procurement is mainly due to the decrease of US $227 million in immunomodulatory drugs (vaccines), but it still accounts for "drugs, contraceptives and vaccines" The procurement volume of the category is 73%, ranking first. Veterinary related products drugs, contraceptives and vaccines account for us $17 million in this segment. UNICEF is the organization with the largest procurement, accounting for 51.3% of the total procurement of the United Nations; "medical equipment" The purchase amount reached US $2 billion 200 million, an increase of 200.7% over the same period last year, and jumped to third total purchases. With the continuous spread of COVID-19, the demand for medical equipment in the world has also been rising. Another category of medical health field - "medical services" category purchases 150 million dollars.

　　Table 2: Top 10 procurement categories in 2020

　　Major suppliers of United Nations procurement

　　Table 3: Top 10 suppliers of UN Procurement in 2020

　　In 2020, suppliers from 215 countries and regions around the world provided goods and services for United Nations procurement. Compared with 2019, the procurement volume of all regions increased. The procurement volume decreased by continent, followed by Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, Latin America and the Caribbean and Oceania.

　　As can be seen from table 3, the top ten countries in terms of procurement volume are the United States, Denmark, China, India, the United Arab Emirates, France, Switzerland, Belgium, Yemen and Kenya. The above-mentioned countries supply a total of US $9.2 billion in procurement, accounting for 41.4% of the total procurement volume of the United Nations. Except China, the top ten countries are the same as the previous year, but the ranking of countries has changed significantly, China From the 20th place in 2019 to the 3rd place in 2020, China is the supplier with the largest increase in procurement. China's procurement increased more than fourfold from US $246 million in 2019 to US $1 billion in 2020. China is the largest supplier of medical equipment, with a total procurement in this field of us $672 million (an increase of US $622 million over the previous year) The organization with the largest procurement in China was the United Nations Children's Fund (an increase of $371 million), followed by who (an increase of $241 million) and the United Nations Development Programme (an increase of $75 million).

　　2、 Procurement share of United Nations response to epidemic situation

　　According to ASR data in 2020, the total procurement of epidemic related materials and services reached US $2.6 billion, of which the procurement of 38 United Nations organizations was US $2.1 billion, accounting for 11.5% of the total procurement of these organizations.

　　1. Procurement related to epidemic situation of United Nations agencies

　　According to ASR statistics, compared with 2019, 15 of the 38 organizations increased the total volume of purchases. However, if the procurement share of COVID-19 disease was removed, only 9 institutions increased the total purchase volume. Therefore, in order to actively cope with the spread of the epidemic, the United Nations organizations adjusted their procurement methods after the outbreak of the epidemic, and re planned the funds for the existing projects.

　　Who is the largest purchaser related to the epidemic, with an epidemic related procurement amount of US $750 million, accounting for 43.7% of the total procurement of who in that year, including US $308 million of medical equipment and US $221 million of laboratory and testing equipment; the second is the United Nations Development Programme, and the largest epidemic related procurement category is information technology and communication equipment (a total of $133 million), UNDP also purchased $105 million worth of medical equipment, including $35 million worth of medical facilities products and $35 million worth of medical clothing and textiles; the United Nations Programme for project services (UNOPS) ranked third , the procurement amount related to the epidemic was US $222 million. The Project Services Department purchased US $79 million worth of medical equipment, including US $28 million worth of oxygen treatment related equipment. The top ten organizations related to the epidemic ranked as follows:

　　Table 4: procurement organizations related to the top ten epidemic situations in 2020

　　2. United Nations procurement category

　　Table 5: Top 10 categories of procurement related to epidemic situation in 2020

　　In the global anti epidemic process in 2020, medical equipment is the largest procurement category related to the epidemic, with 31 agencies contributing US $655 million, accounting for 60.4% of the total expenditure of US $1.1 billion of 38 United Nations agencies in the epidemic related field. In the searchable procurement data, patients' inspection and monitoring products, medical clothing and textiles are purchased (including surgical masks, gloves, surgical clothes and other items) and medical facilities products (including hospital beds and clinical furniture) accounted for 29.3%, 25.8% and 17.1% respectively. In 2020, the total expenditure of UNICEF in the field of medical equipment was US $1.1 billion, US $670 million higher than that in 2019, and US $414 million higher than the average expenditure in this field from 2015 to 2019 It is about $730 million higher. Most of the increase is affected by the epidemic. Expenditure on personal protective equipment is 470 million dollars. Expenditure on molecular diagnostic equipment purchased by COVID-19 is $68 million and oxygen supply is $16 million.

　　Laboratory and testing equipment is the second largest procurement category related to the epidemic, with a procurement amount of US $384 million, accounting for 62.7% of the total expenditure of US $612 million by 38 United Nations agencies in this field. Who purchased US $221 million worth of materials, including US $42 million worth of rapid testing kits. PAHO purchased US $95 million in this field, including US $64 million Reagents for clinical and diagnostic analyzers and a $28 million rapid detection kit.

　　3. United Nations epidemic related procurement supplier

　　In the process of global anti epidemic, countries and United Nations agencies all over the world share information with each other, and have taken a series of prevention, control and treatment measures. Each country has handed in its own response, and many countries have played an important role in the epidemic related aspects purchased by the United Nations. The following table shows the top 10 suppliers of epidemic related procurement in 2020:

　　Table 6: Top 10 suppliers of epidemic related procurement in 2020

　　As can be seen from table 6, China's supply in epidemic related procurement is second to none. The total amount of epidemic related products and services purchased by the United Nations from China amounts to US $308 million, of which US $215 million is medical equipment procurement; Denmark ranks second, with us $199 million, of which US $130 million is information technology and communication equipment procurement; followed by Austria, with us $150 million The purchase amount of US $100 million is mainly used for medical equipment (US $66 million) and laboratory and testing equipment (US $27 million); while the United States has provided us $83 million in products and services for epidemic procurement.

　　China's large supply has made the procurement amount related to the epidemic in developing countries reach US $1 billion, accounting for 48.8% of the total procurement. China, Brazil, Lebanon and Argentina